Frank and Ernest

 

1963 Frank and Ernest Broadcast Schedule

Since 1972, the name Frank and Ernest has been associated with a comic strip created by Bob Thaves. But there is an earlier, unrelated duo in radioland with the same names. Frank and Ernest is the name of an international religious broadcast by the Dawn Bible Students Association, which has been heard on hundreds of radio stations over the last 90 years. I'll list those off for easy searching. I've made corrections to the above image which has minor omissions and errors, though it's just Alabama thru south Dakota:

CALLS	Freq	City/State
WMSL	1400	Decatur, AL
WJBB	1230	Haleyville, AL
KUEQ	740	Phoenix, AZ
KBTM	1230	Jonesboro, AR
KPAY	1060	Chico, CA
KICO	1490	El Centro, CA
KGLM	740	Los Angeles, CA
KBIG	104.3	Los Angeles, CA
KVON	1440	Napa, CA
KVCV	600	Redding, CA
XERB	1090	San Diego, CA
KCOK	1270	Tulare-Visalia, CA
KIMN	950	Denver, CO
KZIX	600	Fort Collins, CO
KDZA	1230	Pueblo, CO
WTUX	1290	Wilmington, DE
WOL	1450	Washington, D.C.
WSUZ	800	Palatka, FL
WFLA	970	Tampa, FL
KRLC	1350	Lewiston, ID
WEAW	1330	Chicago, IL
WLPO	1220	LaSalle, IL
WFRX	1300	West Frankfort, IL
WJOB	1230	Gary-Hammond, IN
WIBC	1070	Indianapolis, IN
WLBC	1340	Muncie, IN
KROS	730	Clinton, IA
KLOE	1230	Goodland, KS
WLBJ	1410	Bowling Green, KY
WAVE	1490	Louisville, KY
WNOP	1230	Newport, KY
WWKY	740	Winchester, KY
WABI	910	Bangor, ME
WSRO	1470	Marlboro, MA
WBSM	1420	New Bedford, MA
WCAT	1390	Orange, MA
CKLW	800	Detroit, MI
WMAX	1490	Grand Rapids, MI
WSGW	790	Saginaw, MI
WAKX	1480	Duluth-Superior, MN
KEVE	1440	Minneapolis, MN
WLOX	1490	Biloxi, MS
WABO	990	Waynesboro, MS
WMBH	1450	Joplin, MO
KREI	800	Farmington, MO
KCMO	810	Kansas City, MO
KATL	1340	Miles, City, MT
KRGI	1420	Grand Island, NE
WJRZ	870	Newark, NJ
KSIL	1340	Silver City, NM
WEEE	1300	Albany, NY
WRJZ	970	New York, NY
WBMA	1400	Beaufort, NC
WCGC	1270	Belmont-Charlotte, NC
WGAI	560	Elizabeth City, NC
WLOE	1490	Leaksville, NC
WHLO	640	Akron-Canton, OH
WNOP	740	Cincinnati, OH
WBNS	1460	Columbus, OH
WPTW	1570	Piqua, OH
WHIZ	1240	Zanesville, OH
KAST	1260	Astoria, OR
KGAL	920	Lebanon, OR
KGON	1520	Portland, OR
KODL	1230	The Dalles, OR
WHOL	1600	Allentown, PA
WCVI	1340	Connellsville, PA
WWVA	1170	Pittsburgh, PA
WPAZ	1340	Pottstown, PA
WGRF	1240	Aguadilla, PR
KYNT	1450	Yankton, SD

Today it's down to just 9 stations: KFNX Phoenix, AZ; KAAY Little Rock,AR;  KWBG Des Moines IA; KKVV Las Vegas, NV; WCKY Cincinnati, OH;  WINB Red Lion, OH; WNAH Nashville, TN and WWVA Wheeling, WV. [SOURCE] 

In the original run of the program, when the original hosts were still alive, the format was for one would ask the other a leading question on religious doctrine. The long-winded answer would start a theme which would constitute the body of the program. Hymns would typically bookend the 15 minute program and break up the questions.  Today, 90 years later the format remains unchanged, but the new hosts are Ed and Russel, assuming those are real names. 

Our story starts in 1928, William Norman Woodworth was a member of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, (WTBTS) they're Jehovah's Witnesses. He and John E. Dawson had been producing the program Frank and Ernest for them. Norman Woodworth played Frank and John Dawson was Ernest. Then Woodworth had some big argument with Judge Joseph F. Rutherford, the president of WTBTS. There are two versions of the story behind the nature of the conflict: 

1. Rutherford wanted to eliminate the radio program entirely, against the wishes of Woodworth. 
2. Rutheford demanded that to write the show himself, because he disliked Woodworth's content; specifically the preaching of "Russell's Divine Plan." [Google it, I'm not doing theology here]

It's hard to be certain 99 years later.  But we know from historical sources, that Rutherford was a control freak and a bully. So I favor the latter version. In evidence, we do have some context in print from that era. The author of the article is not known, but in issue 308 of the Golden Age from July 1931, the Witnesses' made the schism between them and Woodworth very clear, in an article titled "Bible Students Radio Echo." 

As respects the dialogues of "Frank and Ernest", it is a matter of record that these dialogues were broadcast for several years from Radio Station WBBR, the WATCHTOWER ; and it is as apparent that during those years "Frank and Ernest" were greatly used and highly honored by the Lord as it is that Nadab and Abihu, Miriam, the ten spies, Korah, Dathan and Abiram and their comrades, and Saul and Uzzah were used and honored before their deflections arose. But those who are wise toward God will now have nothing to do with "Frank and Ernest" or with the "Bible Students Radio Echo" now that these men have ceased their association with the instrumentality God is using in the earth to perform His work at this time, and this regardless of what they broadcast, whether it be good, bad or indifferent."

The result of that conflict was that Norm left the WTBTS group around 1929 and he took his show with him. The Dawn Bible Students history reports that Dawson and Woodworth attempted to re-start Frank and Ernest in New York on WOR, beginning April 12th, 1931, then again in Boston, but had to stop after they ran out of funds some three months later. They sought ecclesia sponsorship from the Pastoral Bible Institute (PBI) but PBI declined to find the program. [SOURCE] [SOURCE]

As a result, some younger members of PBI split off on their own, led by Woodworth. That association was originally a group of younger members of the Pastoral Bible Institute (PBI). In 1932 there were 9 trustees of he the Dawn Bible Students Association and they were two of them. In 1932 together they founded Dawn Publishers, Inc.  In the mid-1930s they hired the W.L. Gleason agency for distribution. Bill Gleason arranged for Russell Pollock to broadcast programs on the California Rural Network. Eventually the program was carried on the ABC network in 1949, then Mutual in 1950.

1925 LOC catalog of copyright entry

The book A People for His Name by Tony Wills calls their magazine The Dawn's pamphlets "repetitious and boring" but he adds useful details:

"Listeners to the Watch Tower Society's radio programs prior to 1930 must have noticed that they were more faithful to [Charles] Russel than [Joseph] Rutherford. This was because William Norman and others made them up. W. N. Woodworth left the central office about 1929 and started broadcasting apart. He became associated with a dissident ecclesia. In 1931 a convention was held at which a central committee was elected, and The Dawn started to appear to keep those interested those attracted by the radio programs."

Some sources also put the program on another Jehovah's Witness owned station,WORD in Chicago, then on 1480. I have found little evidence for this.  Most sources cite 1927 as the start of the Frank and Ernest program. [SOURCE] And one can easily find it in WBBR schedules in the New York Times from that year. [LINK] The August 14th issue of that year shows Frank and Ernest closing out the broadcast day at WBBR at 8:35 PM following a studio orchestra. The same placement occurs on August 30th. That continued through 1928, 1929 and into June of 1930, when it stops abruptly.  

However I also found a listing for the program on WRVA, Friday March 21st 1930. It's right after a "Vabac Melodies" and right before an unknown program called "VA Players."  The program appears again in April and June with slightly different line ups. [SOURCE]  It is somewhat unclear if this is Rutherford or Woodworth. But it casts some doubt on the timeline, both Woodworths departure and his dispute with Rutherford. Because of this there remains a possibility that Rutherford continued to broadcast new programs without Woodworth, or that WTBTS could have circulated re-runs. Either way WBBR stopped broadcasting the programing 1930, matching the New York Times radio listings. 

According to one history [SOURCE] Woodworth resumed "Frank and Ernest" radio broadcasts in 1940. This is generally consistent with the print record, or rather the lack thereof. I can find no references in print before 1941. The best reference I found was in a 1934 issue of the East Liverpool Review, announcing a Norman Woodworth lecture, but it mentions that he's known for the Frank and Ernest program. [SOURCE]

The Witness' stations were quite odd on their own and I've written about them a few times before. [LINK]  WBBR was a religious broadcaster station owned by the Witnesses. It first signed on in 1924 on 1230 kHz from Staten Island, NY.  [LINK] By 1926, the WBBR was sharing the 1100 frequency with two other New York City stations: WEBJ and WFBH. By 1927, WFBH was deleted, but WBBR and WEBJ moved to 1170. 

The Frank and Ernest program would have first aired while WBBR was on the 1170 frequency. There are records which indicate WBBR broadcast unauthorized on 720 in 1926 into 1927. In 1928 WEBJ leaving WLTH and WBBR to share time on 1170. In 1929 WLTH split off getting 1400, and WBBR went solo, moving to 1300 where it stayed into the 1940s.  

The WBBR radio station, 1924 from jw.org

None of this tells us about the start of Frank and Ernest. Who are Frank and Ernest? In the Library of Congress catalog of copyright entries is a 1925 "Frank and Ernest" musical composition by Norman J. Vaus of New York. But there's no information on Mr. Vaus to add light to that.  One of my theories it that these were just common names, like selecting Mike or Joe. Both names were more common in the 1920s than now. 

Currently I favor a different theory. Frank and Ernest are also adjectives. Perhaps the idea is that Frank acts very Ernest but Ernest is just a bit frank? The pun was somewhat popular and appears in multiple periodicals in the mid 1920s including another comic strip unrelated to Thaves (below). [SOURCE] In 1932 there was an unrelated comic duo on KWK-AM also by the name, there was another on WWJ. There are so many references to different real and fictional Frank and Ernest duos it's like they've always existed. The gag predates radio. 

Old Gold ad, 1928

 

Rutherford died in 1942. In 1957, citing the ability to reach the faithful better through in-person contact and publications, the Witnesses sold WBBR to Tele-Broadcasters, Inc. of New York, for $133k. Tele-Broadcasters changed the calls to WPOW. Norman Woodworth died on October 29th, 1975. I don't know what happened to John Dawson . But as a finale, on December 31st, 1984, WPOW signed off in a deal with Salem Communications, to allow WNYM to increase power. More here.

To quote an unknown writer for the Portland Express in 1923, 

"I can't be Frank and Ernest, 
Though I try to be game; 
the reason why," said Harry, "is, 
That neither is my name."

DFW to EWR

 

While flying from DFW to EWR I recently used an FM radio app on my phone to see what I could hear. I've managed to bandscan while flying before but it's very dependent on external receiving factors. For the radio station, the radiation pattern and power, and perhaps most importantly the elevation and position of my aircraft at a given moment. As you can see, the receivable stations track SW to NE as I scan slowly from 88.1 to 107.9 FM over about an hour.

Most stations are only receivable for a few minutes, and are very dependent on the position of the antenna, which is the headphone cable. I found unexpectedly that a loop shape seemed to be the most effective, not the typical the dipole wire 45° angle.

88.1 WRFL? - At 7,900 watts this seems unlikely but not impossible. I heard classical music which doesn't match their schedule. 

88.9 WEKU - 50k watts in the Lexington, KY market.  

94.1 W231DM - 250 watt repeater for Talk radio WZXI-AM. I think I heard the American Ground Radio program which was not great. Right-wing radical conspiracy nutters. These people ate equine dewormer back in 2020. 

94.3 WULF - Great call letters and 40k watts. Pretty standard country music outlet SE of Louisville, KY. 

94.5 WMXL - At 85k watts it made for a pretty clear signal, AC format leaning pop. Yawn.

95.1 WGGC - Their 100k watts wasn't as strong as expected but probably still distant at that moment. Country format similar to WULF. They used to use the branding "Goober" I didn't' hear it but I hope they still do.

96.9 WGKS - A 50k watt Classic Hits station also in Lexington. The song I heard was OneRepublic - Counting Stars. 

97.7 WKCA - This is only a 3,700 watt station near Morehead, KY. I heard Johnny Cash, Ring of Fire; a classic. Gateway Radio Works owns 5 stations in Eastern Kentucky. They keep it local. 

97.9 WSEI? - There are several consecutive country stations on the radio band in eastern century but I heard a station ID that sounded like "WCEI" which isn't possible from Baltimore. I think that was actually the 50k watt WSEI-FM stick in Olney, IL almost 200 miles away.

98.5 WTFM - Heard the station ID loud and clear, the frequency matches but what I heard was religious talk.  The station resides in that oddly shaped Johnson City/Kingsport/Bristol TN/VA market. 

98.7 WMKK-LP? - I heard pop music on 98.7 so I'm thinking that might be WMKK and not WKDO though at 25k watts the latter is more likely in any normal circumstance. The chat on Radio Discussions is unfair either way. [LINK]

98.9 - W255DB - In a hundred mile radius the only station playing pop is a 240 watts repeater for rhythmic AC WWTB-AM. 

99.5 WYGO- This really should be the 25k watt WKDP country station out of Corbin, KY. But what I heard them playing was the 1989 Janet Jackson single "Escapade." So perhaps it's none of the repeats on that frequency and instead the 2,700 watt Hot AC station in Madisonville, TN. 

100.5 WDYK - 6,000 watts in Ridgeley, WV, I heard country but on an AC station the format is all a jumble.

101.9 - WVAQ - This station popped up with RCP as "iana" which probably has something to do with their HD radio channels. Their primary signal is CHR which fits the reggaeton dance tune I heard. 

102.5 - WDVE - Here I heard an ad for 84 Lumber in Morgantown, WV.  The only possibilities are WUSQ in Winchester 2.5 hours away or the station in Pittsburgh, PA. 

102.7. WVSR - I didn't catch the calls but I heard the brand "Electric 102.7" which is that 50k watt CHR station in Charleston, WV. 

102.9 WLTK? - This was the strangest thing I caught in the whole band scan.  I heard a recorded voice speaking over a bed music gospel chorus... "When you need somebody to help you, you want somebody with that dog in them. I'm talking about that dog in them. You ever hear the expression; like you ain't got that dog in you. If you got to fight, you better have a dog with you. If you got to fight, you got to have a dog with you. Got to have top dog with you. He got that dog in him. And he going to fight. He going to fight to the end. And you know, you know what he going to try to do? He going to try to bite him..."  It turns out to be an ad for a law firm. [SOURCE]  A K-Love outlet seems an unlikely place for the ad but I don't have other likely guesses.

103.3 WAKG- I heard a bit of a country song, and there's only one in 200 miles on this frequency, and it's 100k watts out of Danville, VA.

103.7 WSOC - I heard the brand Backstage country which on 103.7 should be WSOC in Charlotte, NC. At 100k watts it's possible. 

104.3 WQCN - I heard gospel/R&B music. That has to be WQCN, or a very distant WDAS. Being still west of the Appalachians I'm guessing the former.

104.9 WSTV - I heard the brand "Steve FM" which has to be the 14,500 watt stick in Roanoke, VA. It was a mix of pop songs as you'd expect for Adult Hits. 

105.1 - WKLC - No ID but two rock songs back to back this is surely the 2,950 watt stick in Charleston, WV. It's also possible this was WWRE in Bridgewater, VA. 

105.3 WNOH - A 50k watt station in the Norfolk market, Mixed AC. 

105.9 WMAL - I heard Call in talk at about 10:00 PM. So that's the first hour of America at Night with McGraw Milhaven.

106.5 WWMX - Caught just part of a pop song, but it's probably the 10,500 watt station in Baltimore.

106.9 WAFX - No ID but by geography this was definitely the Classic Rocker in Hampton Roads. At 100k watts I'd be more surprised if I couldn't hear it. 

107.1 WFXC - I caught a little R&B and the "Foxy" brand name so that has to be WFXC but the distance on that is impressive for a 13k watt station in Durham, NC.

107.7 WEOP - This station was loud and mostly clear for a surprising 20 minutes. They were broadcasting ABC radio news. 

 

WAEB Playlists 1960

 

I've written about 790 WAEB-AM once before. That was a post about to the Gene Kaye show. But WEAB has come up in passing at least half a dozen times. [LINK] Recently I found a stack of 1960s Record surveys. It lists the top 40 records and what's unusual is that this set is sequential. I have April 18th through May 16th of 1960. It's interesting when you read though it because Percy Faith "theme From A Summer Place" was #1 on Billboard for the year and it's not on the chart at all. But #2 Jim Reeves "He'll Have to Go" and #3 The Everly Brothers "Cathy's Clown" both place. You can compare the 1960 top 100 Billboard singles here [SOURCE]  I also scanned the surveys and uploaded them for your reading pleasure.  

YOU CAN DOWNLOAD THEME HERE 

The back of each survey had the24-hour WAEB weekday schedule printed on the back. I typed that out here just to make this more searchable. From a 1964 schedule we can see that many of these DJs were still on WAEB 4 years later. The list then would be Jay "Jumpin' Jay" Sands, Ernie Stiegler, Gene "Jivin' Gene" Kaye, Joe "Tiger Joe" McLaine, Gary "Daddy G" Levine, and Perry "Merry Perry" Allen.  Let's delve into the bioagraphies of the 1960s crew. 

TIME	SHOW	HOST
6:00 - 9:00 AM	Clock Watchers	Kerm Gregory, Nedd Flemming
9:00 - 11:00 AM	Toast & Coffee	Ernie Stiegler
1100 - 2:00 PM	Flemming & Co	Nedd Flemming
2:00 - 3:00 PM	Hits for the Mrs.	Joe McLaine
3:00 - 5:00 PM	Discapades	Kerm Gregory
5:00 - 6:00 PM	Discapades	Gene Kaye
6:00 - 6:30 PM	News / Spotlight On Sports	Jay Sands/Ernie Steigler
6:30 - Midnight	Paging The Stars	Gene Kaye,  Joe McLaine
Midnight - 6:00 AM	All Night Show	Bud Nerr

Kermit L. Gregory - Kerm graduated from Muhlenberg college in 1951, meaning he may have been a DJ on the original closed cable iteration of WMUH as it started in 1948 at 640 AM. Gregory began his radio career as an announcer with WHOL in Allentown and joined WAEB in 1955. He went to WILK in Wilkes-Barre in 1962 as program director. From 1971 to 1982, Gregory was operations manager of KEZL in San Diego. While a WAEB disc jockey, he was the first host for Castle Rock at Castle Garden in Dorney Park as a summer attraction in 1956. He had actually returned to radio in the Lehigh Valley at WKAP in 1983 after a 20 California detour. By 1985 he was back at WAEB doing that Dorney park gig again but the Dorney park dance hall burned down the following November. He died in 1992 at the age of 58 in Cajon, CA. 

Nedd Flemming - Back in 1953 Nedd was the Sports Director on WEST in Easton, PA. Nedd was with WAEB at least as early as 1956. Broadcasting announced his promotion that year. Cash Box recording his move away from the mic in 1960. "Kerm Gregory, five year veteran of WAEB-Allentown, Pa., is now the station’s program director, replacing Nedd Flemming, who’ll devote more time to sales." 

Ernie Stiegler - Ernie died in 1990 at the age of 64. Actually a graduate of the University of Florida he was a sports broadcaster in college at 850 WRUF-AM, though multiple stations carried the university live sports feed. He hosted “Toast and Coffee” for year and became assistant manager eventually retiring in 1969 to go into advertising. 

Joe McLaine - Like many of these DJs he's named in passing in the book Masterpiece in Progress by Jeff Steinberg back in 1986. He's mentioned in Cash Box in 1959 at WAEB [SOURCE] running a contest. But in 1958 Broadcasting names him at another area station "  JOE McLAINE, formerly with WEEU Reading, Pa., as d.j., joins WHOL in similar capacity..."  So we know he went from WEEU then to WHOL, then WAEB. The 1966 edition of the Working Press directory lists him still at WEAB alongside  Jay sanders, Ernie Steigler, Gene Kaye, and Bobby Dee. 

James "Jay Sands" Sidoti - Sidoti is an Italian surname if you were wondering. He was a local guy from Eastson, PA. His radio career began in 1951 at WEEX in Easton, PA. But he had actually taken a radio training course at the New York School of Radio Technique in 1950. He  later worked at WGPA in Bethlehem. He first got into WAEB to do news in 1957 eventually becoming news director.  In 1963 he became program manager.  His "clockwatcher" radio show was popular in the Lehigh Valley from 1957 to 1971. He worked in TV sales and service and works some slots at WSAN and two years at WKAP in the early 1970s. He went back to WAEB and hosted the Gold Mine Club on WAEB from 1980 to 1987.  He died in 1987 at the age of 57.

Gene Kaye - Article here. 

Bud Nerr  - Bud seems to have had a short career in radio. Bud Nerr pops up on these surveys in the Spring of 1960 and in one issue of Cash Box in 1959 next to Al Martino in a group shot [SOURCE]. 

Breakfast at Sardi's

September 1948 was a pivotal moment in the career of Jack McElroy, and it didn't go well.  But let's start there at the peak, the ABC-TV report on 1948 mentions McElroy and he gets a half page headshot on page 49 between Erwin Canham and Louella Parsons. [SOURCE]  

"All radio was saddened early last year by the sudden death of Tom Breneman, beloved host of Breakfast in Hollywood. A radio institution, Breneman had gained a reputation as a premier showman and it is in the same tradition of show business that his program continues on the ABC network as a cooperative feature with Jack McElroy at the helm."

The New York Times wrote about the change on September 12th that year with more detail and invoking a third name. 

"Jack McElroy, who has been singing on the show and helping out generally, will step into the top position as successor to Garry Moore in running "Breakfast in Hollywood," the program of the late Tom Breneman on WJZ-ABC at 11 A. M. daily. Mr. McElroy will take over on Tuesday. The program will move into the 2 P. M. time with the broadcast of Oct. 4, when Kay Kyser's new program starts in the morning period." 

Breakfast in Hollywood was a morning radio show created and hosted by Breneman. He hosted it from 1941 to 1948 but on three different radio networks at different times: NBC Blue, ABC and Mutual (kinda). When it debuted in January of 1941, newspapers referred to the program as "Breakfast at Sardi's", named for the working restaurant from which the program was broadcast. That first version of the show also two regulars who were staff the hostess, Nell Olson and Bobby Batuga, the Maitre d'. This first version of the show was only 30 minutes long and broadcast from KFWB. 

After it got going, there were two shows every weekday at Sardi's. At 8:00 AM they did a live broadcast to the East Coast, airing at 11:00 AM EST. Then breakfast was served and a second show, heard live in the West, began at 9:30 PST. There was no script, just Breneman asking everyday people questions and taking in the occasional celebrity guest. It was so popular it spawned a copy cat program on Mutual "Luncheon at Sardi’s." That broadcast on WOR from a different, unrelated Sardi's in New York City with a different different, unrelated host, Bill Slater. (More on that another day.) That original building still stands today but it's been a strip club since 1971.

On August 3rd, 1942 the program was picked up by NBC Blue and the program moved to Radio City at 1539 North Vine Street. This site, [LINK] claims that Breneman bought the building and the Hollywood Roof Ballroom next door in 1938, converting them into a radio studio and Tom Breneman’s Hollywood Restaurant. There may be something to it, but 1938 is before the radio program even started at Sardis. (Breneman was also only the "honorary" mayor of Encono. Nice try AI.) I think they just have the year wrong. I also remember that address coming up once before in reference to the Radio Room, cafe. [LINK]  (If you look at this 1948 photo you can see both signs.)

1539 North Vine Street in 1948

These sources are all slightly wrong. The Hollywood restaurant opened initially at 1525 N. Vine St. [SOURCE] In 1945, the Blue Network rebranded as the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). Then in December of 1947 The Hollywood restaurant expanded next door to 1539 Vine, the former Empire nightclub. Four months later in April 1948, Breneman died of a heart attack. There are pictures of the line out front on April 28th learning there would be no show that day. He died 2 hours before show time. [SOURCE]  His name was replaced on the marquee with the words: American Broadcasting Company. You can use these signage changes to date pictures. 

Tom Breneman was born in 1900 and raised in Wayneboro, PA. He later attended Columbia University. He started in vaudeville, and in 1927 he became program director at 1020 KFVD-AM in Culver City, CA. In 1929 he starred in a radio comedy series called
Tom 'n' Wash in which he played three characters. From 1931–1932, he used the on-air name Tom Brennie, and hosted "Laugh Club of the Air" on NBC in New York. A 1931 issue of Radio Digest lists the syndication: WJZ, WBAL, WFAA, WIOD, WGN and KOA. That expanded from there. You can listen to a souvenir album with Breneman hosting here.

Tom "Brennie", Radio Digest Jan 1932

His earlier program, Laugh Club was a show with audience participation, and even Billboard called it "one of the very first." So in that way it prefigures Breakfast at Sardi's. I found a 1932 entry in Broadcasting magazine which refers to his latest program the “Tom and Wash Laugh Club.” I don't think that was a formal name, just a confused press release.  [SOURCE] Breneman's obituary reports that he later returned to Hollywood and managed two radio stations and then went to San Francisco in a similar capacity." Those would have been KFVD again and it's sister station KFAC. Those stations were part of the CBS/Don Lee network at the time. In 1937, Breneman he became the host of "Secret Ambition" at KNX. 

Breneman was only 46 years old. Before that fateful day in 1948, the ABC radio series had gone by the name “Breakfast In Hollywood”. After the death of Breneman, Jack McElroy took over.  The format remained largely the same, with a lot of Q&A with the general public. I know it's weird but I suspect that ABC didn't understand why the audience loved Breneman, and picked McElroy because he looked like Breneman; a friendly Lou Costello figure.  Sadly, it didn't work, but you can hear a continuity between the program and later television talk shows like Steve Allen, Jack Paar, even Letterman. 

July 12th 1949 Promo

Without Breneman the chemistry didn't work, and the ratings dropped. I know that ABC booklet says that Jack McElroy took over directly but it's not true. Garry Moore stepped into the role first, and he quit by July 1948. Moore was doing six shows a week for "Breakfast in Hollywood" as well as his regular spot on "Take It or Leave It." When the New York Times reported the change on July 13th, they had not even named a successor. [SOURCE] Consequently the pictures of Garry hosting the program are few. One AP News feature on Moore stated "Unlike Breneman, Garry doesn't kiss the ladies or wear their hats. He has his own line of gags." Cliff Arquette took over briefly followed by John Nelson, Nelson left to host the TV version of Bridge and Groom. Then they tapped Jack McElroy.  Supposedly Arch Presby was also host at one point but I've never been able to corroborate that. 

Jack McCoy NBC Radio Trading card #3 (1953)

McElroy's tenure lasted until the program ended on July 6, 1951. ABC attempted a revival as "Welcome To Hollywood" which debuted on NBC in 1952. Jack McCoy hosted the attempted Saturday morning reboot. Don Rickles was the announcer. Sometimes that's erroneously cited as McElroy again. I found one source that reports George Jessell was the host, in 1953. that might have been a fill-in.  It wrapped permanently in 1954. McCoy died in 1991.

Before Breakfast in Hollywood, Nelson and McElroy were probably best known for an ABC program, "Bride and Groom" where Elroy was a singer and announcer. John Nelson was the program's host. Bride and Groom had an audience participation component which is probably what made NBC think it would work. It ran from November 26, 1945, to September 15, 1950. An obituary in the Circleville Herald says that McElroy was a singer in his hometown of Pittsburgh, KS. His career ourtide these two shows is not well documented. He was born in 1913 and died in 1959 of lung cancer at the age of 45. Arquette later went on to a strange type of fame on Hollywood Squares. He died in 1974 at the age of 68.

DJ Laurence Cockaday

Laurence Cockaday, about 1931

Laurence Marsham Cockaday, what a name. (Sometimes it was written incorrectly as Lawrence.) That poor guy must have been picked on as a kid. He was born in 1894 in Greenville, NJ. So he would have been about 28 in 1922 and 37 in the image above where he looks oddly nervous. Cockaday was an engineer but also a writer, teacher and inventor. But there is one event in his history which raised his profile to the national level. He was a key person behind a 1922 live radio concert broadcast which was heard by likely more than a million people, helping to popularize the medium. More here.

We have mostly general biographical information on Cockaday. Around 1917 he was an electrical engineer for the New York Interborough Railroad (IRT). A 1923 issue of Popular Radio states that Cocakday instructed in radio theory on the U.S. Training ship Granite State in 1918. He filed his first patent in 1919.  In 1921 he was involved in the broadcast of a Jack Dempsey title fight [SOURCE]. That prefigures his later, more notable broadcast.

By 1922 he was one of the three founders of Popular Radio Magazine with E.E. Free and K. Banning. At the same time the L. M. Cockaday & Company sold radio components out of his Bronx apartment at 2674 Bailey Ave. It was renamed Superadio Corp. around 1921. [SOURCE] Then he went on to authorized Silver-Marshall and Precision Coil to make is radios like the LC-26 and LC-27.  Rich Post (kb8tad) wrote a feature on Lafayette Radio in 2012 which mentions Cockaday. [SOURCE] More here.

I also discovered that in adition to his magazine articles, Cockaday authored several books: Radio-Telephony For Everyone (1922) and 23 Lessons in Radio (1931) Radio Experimenters' Handbook (1932) and two others he co-authored Short-Wave Handbook with Walter Holze (1933) and How To Build Your Radio Receiver with Kendall Banning (1924).  The latter two there were reprinted in the 1990s by Lindsay Publications. He also wrote many pamphlets on the assembly, operation, and repair of his own and other makes of radios.

K. Banning, L.M. Cockaday with QSL cards

Cockaday even appears in the Library of Congress (LOC) photography catalog in four images [SOURCE] These images are poorly labeled. Three identify some of people and a rough date of between 1920 and 1925. He poses with Banning (above) and or Dr. Edward Elway Free. One however specifically states August 1922, and that it's of the first live radio broadcast of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra from the stadium of the College of the City of New York. 

The image titled "Radio At Stadium" taken in contest with the one from 1922 it can only be from the same event at Lewisohn Stadium. It's clean doric-style columns are very identifiable. Built in 1913 it hosted thousands of free concerts. (It's a damn shame they let it rot) The New York Philharmonic left the venue for Lincoln Center in 1964 and the building  was demolished in 1973. The New York Philharmonic website repeats the 1922 claim but without a precise date. [SOURCE]

"In 1922 the Philharmonic was one of the first symphony orchestras to broadcast a concert over the radio, and in 1930 became the first American orchestra to broadcast regularly coast-to-coast. Many of these radio broadcasts still exist in the Archives today and are available to visitors."

These images in the Library of Congress (LOC)  all appear to be from the George Grantham Bain Collection. I've also found other Bain collection images of Cockaday which seem to be missing from the LOC. They may have been omitted deliberately, or just mislabeled. 

Radio At Stadium

The New York Times lists regular broadcasts from Lewisohn in 1926 [SOURCE] on WJZ and WRC. But it also notes that Willem Van Hoogstraten has been the main conductor  since 1922 which corroborates his presence on that first 1922 broadcast. The book The Mighty Music Box also states August but not a date. The book On The Spot Reporting does as well. Many websites cite the date of the broadcast as occurring on August 12, 1922 over WJZ in New York, with Hoogstraten conducting but cites no source. The book History of Radio to 1926 by Gleason Archer gives the date as August 24th. Presumably there are conflicting sources. However, they are all wrong and/or incomplete. 

As Free, Banning and Cockaday were all editors at Popular Radio you might expect good coverage of their own event.  [SOURCE] Well, let me tell you... The feature article was huge. It was in the October 1922 issue and stretched from page 130 to 137 and even includes diagrams of the telephone exchange system. (below)

Telephone exchange for WJZ broadcast

The feature specifically states that the concerts were broadcast for five evenings, starting Friday, August 11th, skipping Sunday then resuming on Monday the 13th, continuing Tuesday 14th, through Wednesday the 16th, of 1922. Using a single Westinghouse microphone set up by Harry Hiller and William Frazier they picked up the audio and piped it to WJZ across the river in New Jersey who broadcast it on 833 kHz. WJZ had only signed on in September of 1921, so this was only weeks before it's first anniversary. Supposedly more than a million people tuned in. 

Cockaday and Banning, 1924

On Nov. 14th, 1924 he gave a lecture at the Annual Detroit Radio Show. By 1927 Cockaday sat on the advisory board for WGL. [SOURCE] He was the Technical Editor of the New York Herald Tribune around 1930.  The Journal of the Acoustic Society of America lists him as a member in 1935 with the address 461 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY; this may not have been a real residential address. That same address is used by many publications, labs and businesses. Today it's a Brooklyn parking lot.

In 1935 the book Making a Living In Radio by Zeh Bouck, Cockaday was listed as the Editor of Radio News. A 1938 issue of Radio & Television gives his Ham calls as W2JCY.  Those calls appear to have been assigned in 1936. The Radio Amateur Callbook put it in bold print with the address 547 Second Ave. Pelham, NY. But it also lists his old calls as 2AAK, 2AE, 2OG, and 2XK. The last reference to his W2JCY call sign was in 1966, [SOURCE] though the Radio Amateur Callbook puts it in the hands of Murray Goldberg by 1953. Cockada may have give up ham radio as early as 1941. I don't see entries between those dates. His 2OG calls go back to at least 1913 at the address 227 Audubon Pl, Brooklyn, NY.

From 1930 to at least 1937 Cockaday taught at New York University. One source reports that he enlisted in the US Navy in 1940, but Radio magazine calls him a Lieutenant Commander in 1937 as does the 1925 Yearbook of American Military Engineers. A U.S. Naval Academy register lists him as a Captain in 1947 in the department of Electrical Engineering. He retired with that title in 1957. There the record stops: no DXing, no teaching, no lecturing, no new patents, no writings. Cockaday died in 1986 in Rockville, MD. In a 1924 article by Don Herold he was asked "What do you like best about radio, Mr. Çockaday?" He responded "The bedtime stories..."