XE2MH

I found this (above) nicely designed QSL card on eBay. [SOURCE]  The image was very eye catching so I wanted to look into it. It confirms a radio reception window between February 12th, 1947 to the following March 12th. It gives the frequency as 3.5 megacycles and noted 569 CW. CW is continuous Wave. But that "569 "is RST signal reporting code for Readability, Signal Strength and Tone. Suffice it to say reception was quite good. [SOURCE]  The writer closes with 73 which is “Best Regards." But cursive being cursive, I can't read the signature very well. More here.

Enrique Lobo y Lobo Jr.

Thankfully there are many resources for identifying old ham radio calls. The Summer 1946 Radio Amateur Callbook links the calls on the back to Enrique Lobo y Lobo, 8816 Morelos Ave in Monterrey, N.L Mexico. That Nuevo León address appears to be a clothing store now.  That's when I noticed the address in the Callbook doesn't match the QSL card. It gives the address as 870 Abasolo in Monterrey NL which is now a restaurant called Trece Lunas. [LINK] That turns out not to be important but the restaurant looks like my kind of joint. 

 

Samuel Pang Barajas

In 1947 Enrique Lobo y Lobo appears in the 1947 816 Morelos. I found a obituary that reports his daughter, Josefina Lobo Quiroga died in 2020 at the age of 94. She founded the Girl Guides of Mexico. It looks something like the girl scouts. [SOURCE]. Enrique compiled a family history in 1972. (The blog as it stands, seems to be incomplete.) [LINK] My first good source is when Enrique won a DX contest in 1952 from which we finally see an image. [SOURCE] I suspect he is Enrique Jr. because there is no way this is a picture of a man who had a daughter 25 years earlier. Josefina has to be his mother, an Aunt or a much older sibling. 

Enrique also appears in the book Breve Historia de La Radioafición Mexicana or A Brief History of Mexican Amateur Radio by Pablo A. Mooser XE1SR.  [SOURCE] That book confirms there was a Jr. and Sr. It has an image of Sr. at XE2W in 1937. Mr. Mooser was the president of the Liga Mexicao de Radio Experimentores. [SOURCE] That was not his only book on radio. He also wrote Apuntes Sobre La Historia De La Radio Aficion En Mexico or  Notes on the History of Amateur Radio in Mexico. in 2021.  I would love to find copies of either of these, physical or virtual.

Ralph Held (L), Mooser at center and Leland Smith (R) from World Radio 1987

But then in 1949 the XE2MH calls are assigned to someone else, Samuel Pang Barajas. He's at 301 Linares Pte, in Monterey NL. The current Google maps image (2022) is from a less than glamorous moment. The building is being renovated and a toilet sits on the sidewalk.  There is also no obvious connection between Lobo y Lobo and Barajas. But working in the same area, with the same hobby they probably at least knew of each other. 

Anyway, Pang holds onto those calls until 1953 and then they stop appearing... until 1989. I did find his obituary [LINK] and from that we know he died in 2004 at the age of 87. Mr. Barajas was a real true radio man, not just a hobbyist. He was a radio engineer at XEW and founder of XER. He was also an engineering professor at the University of Nuevo Leon. [SOURCE] I translated his obituary below.

Born in Linares on April 29, 1917, he was the son of Samuel Pang Lim—of Chinese descent—and Ines Barajas, a native of Galeana. He pursued his university studies at the IPN (National Polytechnic Institute) in Mexico City, earning a degree in Electrical Communications Engineering. He worked at station XEW, and later at *Radio Programas de México*, a broadcasting enterprise owned by Clemente Serna Martínez. In Linares, he established station XER—among other stations located throughout the Mexican Republic. On April 28, 1954, he married Alma Gallardo Cázarez, with whom he raised a family; their children were Alma, Leticia, Cristina, and Samuel. He was a member of the founding faculty at Preparatoria 4 (High School No. 4) in Linares, where he taught Physics. It is worth noting that during the high school's early years, none of the teachers received any remuneration for their services. He was the proprietor of the *La Estrella* bakery. In Linares, he also installed the city's first Christmas lighting display, its first ice factory, and its first electric power plant; furthermore, he was the individual responsible for installing the first electric power plant for the Villaseca Fair. Samuel Pang and his family resided in Linares until 1965, when they relocated to Monterrey, where he passed away on November 31, 2004.

In 1989 the XE2MH calls reappear in the hands of Jose Simeon Ramirez Solis in Tamulipas and he held it until at least 1997.  The funny thing I never figured out about the post card is that there's a Mexico City PO box on the front of the card. It was preprinted with two different calls, and two different addresses. That's 900 miles away from Monterrey. At first the connection was unclear. So let's get back to that signature.

It looks like Juan Lobo y Lobo, not Enrique. I think it's safe to assume they are relatives. I did eventually find Juan Lobo y Lobo. He too turns out to be very accomplished radio man. In 1957 he's listed in CQ magazine as Juan Lobo y Lobo, Rodriguez Saro 308, Mexico but the call sign is XE1A. Eureka! I had misread the call sign on the front of the QST card because of the graphic; the A isn't just decorative. It's the last letter of the call sign. 

Juan Lobo y Lobo appears regularly in the Radio Amateur Callbook for decades usually with the PO Box, 339 Mexico D.F.  He's often in the same issues as Enrique. It may have been competitive. In Radio magazine of January 1940 Juan wrote in to let readers know that his 5-meter transmitter and HF100s were moving to Mexico City. It notes two call signs: XE1A and XE2N. Sure enough, when I found him in an earlier 1934 issue of Radio Amateur Callbook he was listed at 188 Bolivar in Monterrey NL. 

But it turns out that Juan Lobo y Lobo is an all-time  DX record holder. He appears in an Amperex Electronics ad like a celebrity endorsement in a 1937 issue of QST magazine.  [SOURCE]. I would guess Juan is a brother to Enrique and Uncle to Enrique Jr.  He also appears in the May 1937 issue [SOURCE] a member of a very accomplished radio family. 

In 1937 Juan got his WAC, a certificate which confirmed he had already Worked All Continents. He set a DX record as XE2N, with 566 QSOs and 39 multipliers on 1.7, 3.9, 14 and 28 MHz. He operated for 50 hours and 50 minutes. A November 1948 issue of QST notes Top CW score among contestants outside W/VE has been made each year since 1938 by Juan Lobo y Lobo of Mexico under the calls XE1A, XE2N or XF1A. 

"...And each year his total has grown greater. Juan’s 41-QSOs-per-hour record of last year seemed like all it was humanly possible for one operator to accomplish. Imagine our amazement when XFlA’s 1948 log showed 55.5 QSOs/hour — an even 3000 QSOs, multiplier of 85 and final score of 765,000 points in 54 hours of operation!! Juan’s most successful hour brought contacts with 70 stations and his best minute of operation resulted in 4 QSOs! His multiplier of 85 also set a new record, topping last year’s high figure by 10 points. Working on 3.5, 7, 14, 27 and 28 Me., XF1A missed only VE5 on 3.5 Me., VE8 on 3.5, 7, 27 and 28, to fall 5 points short of the perfect multiplier. We again salute you, Juan, on as commendable a demonstration of operating ability as it has ever been our pleasure to acknowledge!"

There were literally still Hams talking about his accomplishments in issues of World Radio in the 1980s. [SOURCE] To my knowledge his record QSO record still stands. In 1956 he came back and QST magazine reported that "Juan Lobo y Lobo has probably established more firsts in ARRL DX contests than anyone. He was an enthusiastic regular under the calls XElA, XFlA or XE2N from the thirties until 1950."

The First Female DJ in Los Angeles

In the November 12th, 1977 issue of Billboard you will find the feature "Women Emerging as Format DJs." It's an important reference article in the history of radio, and one of those rare occasions where women DJs get multiple pages of ink in a trade magazine. Unfortunately it's author is unaccredited. 

"At one point in the history of modern radio a female air personality was almost unheard of, and this is quite an interesting psychological aspect of the medium since early radio featured some excellent female entertainers such as Jinx Falkenberg, Jane Ace, Jane Webb, Harriet Nelson, June Foray, Janet Waldo, Molly Jordan (of Fibber McGee & Molly fame) Lillian Randolph, and Alice Reinhart for example." 

This week I'm looking into just one of those DJs histories. Cherie Sannes worked as a registered nurse for six years before she went into broadcasting. None of these primary sources cite her original surname. Originally from Ohio, she got the surname Sannes from her first husband, a doctor at Carmel Community Hospital where she worked as a nurse. In 1975 she began hosting a weekend public-service interview show on 101.7 KLRB-FM. More here.

Monterey Peninsula Herald - August 1974

KLRB (FM102) was a progressive, free-form FM station in the same vein as 106.7 KPPC in Pasadena and 106.9 KMPX-FM in San Francisco. The station originally signed on in 1971. The Monterey Peninsula Herald reported that Cherie joined the staff in October 1973, as "a registered nurse with no broadcasting background."  In May 1983 it flipped to country and the call letters changed...to KWST but Cherie was already long gone. Several of the staffers went on to work at KMBY, like Cherie.

Cherie moved to the Top-40 station 1240 KMBY-AM in 1975 and there she became “Cherie the Midnight Lady” where she worked overnights. One of her listeners was Sonny Melendez of KMPC. He invited her up to Los Angeles to audition on his show. The Billboard article confuses this story a bit but she did not get an offer from 710 KMPC-AM. But perhaps it gave her higher aspirations. When she was told that KFMB in San Diego was looking for a new female voice she flew down to do a live audition for B-100 Program Director Bobby Rich. Cherie became their first female DJ. [SOURCE]

 

100.7 KFMB-FM had only dropped it's Easy Listening format in 1975. In the late 1960s their slogan was"Music Only For A Woman."  [I can't imagine actually saying that into a microphone.]  Suffice it to say that it's Rock format was a huge change. KFMB was competing directly with 1170 KCBQ-AM. In 1975 the B100 original line up was Rob Landree, Dave Conley, Rocketman (aka Scott Wright), Willie B Goode, Jimi Fox, Gary Kelley, Kevin Anderson, Phil Flowers and Billy Martin. Terri Lynn was the news person and the only woman on the air staff. A year later Fox departed taking some staff with him and the playlist was reformulated with more Top-40.  When Cherie was hired about then and the new line up was Gene Knight, Gary Kelley, Danny Wilde, Christopher Lance, Cherie Sannes, Jimmy Rogers, Glen McCartney and Uncle Fred Stemen. [SOURCE] 

In the Fall 1977 Arbitron ratings, KFMB became the first FM station to be number 1 in a major market. At the time of that "Women Emerging" Billboard article in 1977, Cherie was doing a 2:00 - 6:00 weekday shift and a 7-11 shift on Saturdays. The article also made a point to say she was the oldest DJ on the station at 30 years old. So we know she was born around 1977 and is around 79 today. [The authors need to reveal this detail is how I the piece was written by a man.] 

 

Less than a year later, in 1978 Cherie joined Brian Berne and Brother John Rydgren at 101.1 KRTH (K-Earth) in Los Angeles as their first female jock. R&R announced it in their December 8 issue [SOURCE] with one economical sentence: "Cherie Sannes has joined the staff at KRTH/Los Angeles from B100/San Diego."  Their she worked nights and hosted Spotlight, a celebrity interview program. Air staff at the time included Shotgun Tom Kelley who also tenured at KFMB. She stayed with K-Earth for five years, her longest run at any one station. (Alex Cosper lists Cherie at KHJ in 1979 - 1982. This is because 101.1 KRTH was KHJ-FM from 1943–1972.) [SOURCE]

 

The peak of her popularity was probably at KRTH. Ed Harrison wrote a half-page feature on her for Billboard in June of 1981. In an interview quoted in that article she considered the importance of her role as a feminist trailblazer. she said: 

"Things have changed today to a certain degree, and women deejays are much less of a novelty. My KLRB experience was an exciting opportunity to change attitudes about women disk jockeys. ... Five years ago, we had few female role models and therefore many women, including myself, found it frustrating, but rewarding, to be the so-called 'pioneers' in a traditionally male-dominated field..."

According to most sources, Cherie left KRTH in about 1982. The Carmel Pine Cone [SOURCE] describes her moving directly to "Power 106" KPWR but this is not exactly accurate. Omitted is her short tenure at KOST doing weekends. This is noted in the Dec 4th, 1982 issue of Billboard. Cherie also was at 105.9 before it was KPWR, when it was still KMGG (Magic 106). Billboard reports in February of 1983 that she was working weekends and performing additional duties as their promotion director.

Power 106 didn't exist until 1986 when KMGG flipped from traditional Top-40 to a very 80s dance-forward, almost proto-CHR format complete with with shock jocks. Their playlist concluded disco, dance, urban and Top-40 hits and their new calls were KPWR. The station is still KPWR today but Cherie left the station around that time, probably as part of a staffing shake up. 

After KMGG Cherie left radio to work in healthcare management. She had been the first female DJ in two metros and at least 3 different stations. How does anyone follow up an iconic career like that? She became Cherie Stock when she remarried in 2008. Her husband Bob Stock was a former news anchor at KSBW-TV. She retired in 2009 and took up painting. Good for her. More here and here.

The Whistling Brakeman

No, not the Singing Brakeman, that's Jimmie Rodgers. This is the lesser known Whistling Brakeman, George E. Nearpass III. Sources alternately give his middle name as Edward or Edwin. His gravestone just uses the initial. Nearpass was born March 5th, 1886 in Hart, MI. He really was a railroad brakeman. reputedly, he began working for the Pennsylvania railroad in 1900 as a newsboy at the age of 12. There's a little family information here. 

Overall, there isn't much information online for Nearpass. The earliest print reference I've found to Nearpass is in a 1925 issue of Traffic World, a railway journal. It reports as follows:

"The entertainment features were provided by an orchestra from Plymouth, Ind., the Broadway Quartet, composed of Pennsylvania employees in the Pittsburgh office, and George E. Nearpass, the “whistling brakeman,’ an employee of the Pennsylvania at Butler, Ind. "

The earliest radio appearance that I found documented was in a 1928 issue of Railway Age. It describes George performing on 720 WCCO-AM in St. Paul, MN on October 31st. The station was only 3 years old at the time, and had only change calls from WLAG a year earlier. Two years later it would join the NBC Red network. 

I found a promotional postcard for "Mr. Geo. E. Nearpass." It's stamped KFNF, and date stamped from April of 1929. The recipient is in Kansas City, MO.  This was the original 920 KFNF-AM in Shenandoah, IA and owned by the Henry Field Seed Co. It signed on in 1924. The stamped call letters suggest they were stamped for the different appearances and the same post cards shipped from each. There are some which are not stamped at all. More here and here. 

In addition to the radio performances they are even more dinner performances, conventions, banquets, and other small venues. One 1930 newspaper article described him as a vaudeville entertainer which is very apt. Some articles describe him as being able to whistle three tones at the same time, impossibly imitating a banjo while playing air banjo. [There's a phrase I never thought I'd write.]

 The Indianapolis Times of April 1929 describes one of these appearances.

"George E. Nearpass, 1429 East Vermont Street, known as “The Whistling Brakeman,” who recently has returned from a twenty-state radio broadcasting tour, will appear at the April dinner of the John H Holliday Jr. post, American Legion, at the First Presbyterian church, Tuesday evening.

Nearpass, who is a Pennsylvania brakeman between Indianapolis and South Bend, when he is not on broadcasting trips, has been heard over WLW, WLS, KDKA and other big stations, in his original monologue, “A Trip on the Punkin Vine Limited." 

In 1930 The Railroad Brakemans' Journal published a short bio which confirmed that Nearpass was employed as a regular brakeman on a daily passenger run between Indianapolis and South Bend. It further explains that he has broadcast from nearly fifty radio stations, listing off KDKA, WLW, WCCO, WSB and WLS. But it also notes that he gained the most attention through a monologue "A Trip on the Punkin' Vine Limited." It's exact contents may be lost to time but we know from news articles that the monologue describes a real train line in Indiana which operated until 1980. [SOURCE] 

Another promo postcard from 1924 puts Nearpass on KDKA at 8:30 PM doing barnyard imitations. This may be the Punkin' Vine Ltd. There are more sources that corroborate this. A 1930 issue of the Rushville Republican does explain it's contents:

"In taking his listeners on a "Trip on the Punkin Vine Limited" George describes his daily work on this train loading and unloading pigs, chickens, cows, caves, and what-not in and out of the express car. Nearpass makes with his mouth all the various noises in the car as he hustles the express."

By all appearances his radio career was short, perhaps just 6 years.  But his railroad career continued for decades more. A 1947 issue of the Railroad Trainman reported that George had retired from his work on the railroad. He would have been about 61 at the time. He died September 10th, 1963. His son, George Nearpass IV, also went to work for the railroad.

It's worth noting there were more Whistling Brakemen over the years. The most well known was a Canadian man in named Roy Thoreson. [SOURCE] According to one talent guide he performed on the Tonight Show. He seems to have been active from about 1980 to 1995.He was a regular on the Calgary Stampede, a rodeo. In 1993 he even met with then president of the soviet union, Mikail Gorbechev. He died in 2015.

Kresge 1931 Catalog

 

The rabbit hole goes deep indeed. In my personal archive I have only one of the S.S. Kresge Radio catalogs and this one is from 1931-1932. It runs 32 pages deep, chock full of resistors, batteries and tubes. You won't find the word capacitor in here. It's too early. They're still generally called condensers, mostly Mershon and Aerovox, a few from Potter and Muter. There are just two models made by Eureka I'm unfamiliar with.  I do appreciate that there is no safety warning whatsoever. Anything over about 100v can do you harm and these go up to 2,000 v. 

By 1931 we were growing out of the hobbyist era. Instead of lists and crude components there are now full branded kits for sale by Pilot and Philmore. Some of these kits have just 2 tubes which puts things in perspective. There is still some assembly required but the most expensive is $34.50. In 2026 dollars that's $738.24. But inflation in 2026 was so bad that numbers don't mean anything anymore.

You can download the whole catalog 
HERE

Kmart Radios

1924 catalog

Kmart was originally founded in 1899 as the S. S. Kresge Corporation. (Sebastian Spering Kresge) The use of the brand name "Kmart" only began in 1962, but they kept using the Kresge name on retail stores until 1987. At it's peak in 1994 Kmart had 2,486 stores globally, making it the largest retailers in the world at that time. But 1994 was already 4 years into it's first major bankruptcy. Their decline continued for decades and as of 2026, there are only three remaining Kmart locations in the world. You can imagine that with a 125 year long history, Kmart sold a lot of radios. But most antique radio journals steer clear. The only entry I found was a someone selling reprints of the 1929 Kresge radio catalog, and of course the many works of Don Kresge at the Alabama Historical Radio Society. [LINK]

The earliest radio the Radio Museum lists with a Kmart-related brand is the Kres-Tone Six Transistor radio [SOURCE]. (Kres is short for Kresge). It's a nice 1950s-style plastic chassis table radio. The earliest Kres-tone branded radio I am aware of is the 75-1 from 1948 which is a wooden table radio.  Unhelpfully, the US patent office lists the first use of the Kres-tone trademark to be in 1957. So that was either filed very late, or the one below is a fraud. (I am assuming the former.)

radioatticarchives.com

The chassis is in a somewhat less ornate, art deco style similar to the RCA sets of the era. For those big wooden radios, some of which were basically furniture, Kresge even sold their own Kresge Household Polish. It specifically said on the label "Cleans and polishes all radios, furniture & autos."  But in the 1920s and 1930s their advertising outside of the catalog was scant. Except for those catalogs, Kresge  appears in no publications I can find; except for their daily stock price in the New York Times, and that only prior to Black Thursday. 

From surviving paper catalogs we know that Kresge was selling radios as early as 1924. But that 1924 catalog was mostly kits. These were parts and parts lists with instructions for hobbyists to assemble a Reinartz detector receiving set. That receiver design is named for John L. Reinartz. He started his own eponymous company and began making and selling 1-tube regenerative receivers. The name Reinartz remained attached to CW receivers through the 1920s even as the designs grew more complex and added more tubes. But early experimental stations like 5EK did use those early Reinartz receivers. 

That 1924 Kresge's Radio Catalogue and Buyers Guide is definitely early. It's 31 pages long and doesn't even includes the tubes... though it did have tube sockets. I guess you were on your own to source the vacuum tubes. It's also notable that the radios are not branded and the questions arise: When did Kresge start selling branded radios and when did they start selling Kmart branded Radios? Do those dates overlap? When did it end? I can confirm that hobbyist mindset continues at Kresge through the 1929 catalog. We also know that no Kmart branded radio can exist before about 1962. So that's our time brackets. 

Kmart sold many different branded transistor radios over the years, mostly portables. The site plasticradio.com has a few images. [SOURCE]  I think we're all very familiar with the vintage Sears and Radioshack radios. There are legions of them. But I think Kmart is under appreciated. Take for example this little AM transistor radio. It's nice and compact, about 3" x 2.5" and less than an inch thick. That's less than half the size of my 1950s Candle 6 transistor. There is even a 1/8th headphone jack in the back. It's adorable.

This one [above] has a clear number in the middle of the CPB. It looks like 6OIA, or maybe 601A... unless that's a G and not a 6. Maybe it's not so clear. The Tuning capacitor is stamped 2A-20H1 and below that 5213. I tried to parse it but none of these seem to be date codes. This particular 1960s Kmart Radio also came in green and yellow. It's more sleek than the boxy leatherette portables carry that brand name. I've also seen that pocket model with the Emperor logo on them. The Hong Kong manufacturer clearly found another buyer. All of these models proudly bear a "Made in Hong Kong" origin imprint.  

But that's not the end of the Kmart radios. In the 1960s there dual-branded portable AM/FM radios appeared. The best example I found was a series with the model numbers: 30-01, 31-60, 31-42, 30-30, 31-88, 30-62, 31-64 and 30-50. The front has a Kmart logo embossed on the surface, usually painted silver. and on the back is a paper label "S.S. Kresge Company." They all have similar materials, finishes color schemes and vary only in size and features. The 31-88 for example is a multi-band, AM/FM/AIR/Police/Weather radio. From that set the 30-02 and the 30-50 are beige instead of brown. I think it's the earlier model line. 

I also found models of walkie-talkies with the dual brand, models 32-61 and 32-65 clearly from the same 1960s series. It is tempting to think that the last two digits are the year, but that does not line up chronologically. But they provide a clue as to the end of the dual brand because the next set of walkie-talkies from the 1970s is model 06-32-67 and instead of S.S. Kresge on the paper label it reads "Kmart Corporation."  Luckily those have the manufacturers date stamped on the back March 1978. Also from this clearly transitional era I found a portable AM/FM Cassette recorder, model 6-33-56. Despite the numbering is is still labeled S.S. Kresge Co. So it appears that the Kresge brand was retired from radios about 10 years before the end of the retail signage.

1979 Kmart circular

By 1980, table radios were basically extinct at retail. So what we have left are car radios and different sizes of portables. How much longer did Kmart "make" radios? Those Kmart Corporation radios like the 06-31-51 and the 6-33-56 have a continuity of design which put them all in the late 70s. But there was at least one more model line. In the 80s I found the 06-44-10 which looks distinctly like a new line and new design. It's minimalist silver chassis looks vaguely 90s and eschews the ornate designs of the prior lines. This was probably their final line as the bankruptcies quickly followed.