We have become accustomed to a digital age when all data is forever, and can produce an infinite number of identical copies without loss and without the need for physical media (except the hard drive). In actuality this is very new. For the first century of recorded sound, every copy experienced generational loss. Actually for the first part of that century copies weren't even possible, each individual recording was an original, and it was decades before consumers could make dub audio at all.
As you know the record industry went through a phase trying to prevent the digital age, and has since compromised on futile attempts to just obstruct. I've written before on their attempts to do so with magnetic tape in the 1970s and early 1980s. Some of those efforts revolved around taxation. They made a related attempt in 1987 by the RIAA to murder DAT tapes. You probably don't even remember DATs.
So the RIAA and related organizations but their weight behind a system created by CBS Labs. They would add an IC
chip to the DAT recorder which scans the input signal. It's purpose is to detect an
"anticopy code" and respond by shutting off the record
function for 30 seconds. The code consisted of a narrow frequency notch centered at 3840Hz. CBS called this "totally inaudible." The human range of hearing bottoms out around 20 Hz so this was a complete and total lie.
On February 5, 1987 Senators Al Gore [D] and Pete Wilson [R] went for the gusto. They introduced the DAT bill which would have but that IC chip in every DAT recorder sold in the USA. The bill failed. Even President Regan opposed it. A second bill was proposed and it too failed. As the Clinton campaign ramped up in the Fall of 1991, Gore suddenly lost interest in the unpopular legislation. Over the following decade the DAT was simply replaced with wholly digital recording media. In 2005, Sony announced that its remaining DAT machine models would be discontinued. An era was over.
SCMS was awful. It's probably responsible for the deaths of both DAT and MiniDiscs, and possibly Digital Compact Cassettes. Really nice formats around many years before computers were capable of such things, filling a need, but practically nobody was buying-in with the onerous one-generation copy restrictions in place. I fully expect if Sony released a MiniDisc drive for computers, we'd all have used those instead of Zip disks, and might have pushed back the adoption of CD-Rs by years, and they might still be popular today (far lower-power and higher-quality than any MP3 players).
ReplyDeleteThe RIAA didn't exactly give up... Computers avoided SCMS only because they were lucky enough not to fit the definition of recording device as laid out in the US law. The RIAA (and MPAA to a lesser extent) put a lot of effort into getting a tax on CD-Rs and copy protections in all computers. At some point the Congress gave them a reality check, and the fact that the tech industry is many times larger than the RIAA and MPAA put an end to anyone humoring such nonsense.
Sadly, there's still plenty of cronyism to go around, and the FCC tried the same thing with mandating the "broadcast flag" copy controls in all ATSC/HDTV tuners, but the court was good enough to strike that down as being beyond the FCC's charter.
They also got a lot of what they wanted in the DMCA, just not for DAT specifically.
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